2014/08/05

Guitar Tuning - The Mystery Explained

Learning how to tune a guitar effectively is one of the most basic skills all guitar players need to learn and one of the most elusive skills to master. There are two main methods of guitar tuning. (with several variations) The first of these is by ear, the second is using a tuner. No matter which you choose, being in tune is essential to your success.
Tuning a Guitar by Ear
Tuning the guitar by ear is a way for the musician to ensure that the instrument is in tune with itself. It does not necessarily mean the guitar will be in tune tonally with the agreed upon standard that is known as concert pitch. Therefore, unless the musician is gifted with perfect pitch, it is only really valuable for practice and solo play. You may of course play with other musicians if everyone tunes to the same instrument, even if it is not in concert pitch.
However, if the musician has access to a reference note, possibly from a pitch pipe or tuning fork, then it is possible to use this method to tune to concert pitch. The most common method is to begin with the bottom E string, and tune it to pitch. Then move a finger to the 5th fret and play the E and A string together, and tune the A string to the same pitch as the bottom E, repeat this for the D and G strings, the B string is tuned using the 4th fret of the G string, instead of the 5th fret, and then back to the 5th fret on the B string to tune top E. This is the simplest method of tuning a guitar by ear; it is quick and effective, although it does suffer from inaccuracy if the intonation of the guitar strings is not adjusted correctly. There are several more advanced methods, some of which play strings in multiple positions to overcome intonation imperfections using harmonics.
Tuning a Guitar using a Tuner
The electronic guitar tuner may be the single most unifying feature for the everyday guitarists. It enabled even the most apprentice guitar player to tune with confidence and sound like everybody else. Unless you happen to be lucky enough to have perfect pitch, then using a guitar tuner is probably the most reliable way of ensuring your instrument is tuned to concert pitch. A guitar tuner is a small electrical device, which measures the electrical current of the guitar output, to judge the current tuning. The most simple electric guitar tuner will allow the musician to plug their guitar in to the device, and then choose which string they wish to tune. There is also a feature for acoustic guitars that allows you to avoid plugging into the device and only use a built in microphone. The musician then plucks the string, and the tuner displays whether the string is sharp (too highly pitched), flat (too low pitched), or in tune by a number of methods; either a needle display or LED lights or a combination of both. Once the musician is satisfied that the current string is in tune, they move on to the next. Note, most competent musicians prefer to check the tuning by ear afterwards. The reason for this, is if a string is tuned first, and other strings have their tensions changed as part of the tuning process, then the first string (or possibly several strings), will lose their perfect tuning. Most commonly, a musician will use the tuner to get a rough tuning, then tune again by ear, then recheck using the tuner, making fine adjustments.
For those new to playing the guitar, tuning can be a scary subject. However, it is entirely straightforward, a quick lesson from any competent guitar instructor is usually sufficient to teach the new player how to tune a guitar accurately, and quickly. Rest assured the skill of tuning a guitar can be learned with the use of the right tools and some good listening. It is a skill that will reward you and the musicians around you for a lifetime.

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